VELLALAR -VELALAR -VEL (LORD MURUGA'S WEAPON) -VELZH (THE VEZH OF NADIGAVEZH
M.R RADHA) -VEZHIR -ALL THESE WORDS ARE INTER CONNECTED, RELATED.
"VEL konda VEZHIR VELANMAI seithanar"
THIS KIND OF DESTROYING THE FOREST AND MAKING THE AGRICULTURE IS COMPARED WITH A GOAT.
SO THERE IS A TAMIL SAYING:
"VELLALAN PONA IDAMUM, VELLADU PONA IDAMUM VETTAI".
-means, the VELLADU eats the punjai land and make it clean.
The VELLALA clears the FOREST with the VEL and make it ready for TILLING with
PLOUGH SHARE /(eer, nanjil).
This kind of KNOWLEDGE, VALOUR,
EFFORT and CREATIVITY can be found in todays' VELLALARS also.
Dravidians (In Tamil Words Dravida is said to be the name of the Southern Portion of India, So it describes the TRACT OF LAND and not a RACE) who did cultivation, using water were called "Vellalas"(Castes & Tribes of South India - ET.Thurston, VII 361)Plough was their symbol.
In Thelunku nadu they were called "Velar". In Karnataka they had a kingdom. Those vellalas who migrated from banks of Ganga was called "Gangavamsa vellalar".Their kingdom was "Ggangawathi".Those vellalas who lived in Kongunadu was called "Gounders". Ulkala (Orissa) was ruled by vellala kings in 11 century AD.Mudaliars and Reddiars of Thontaimantalam (Chengalpet & North Arcot Dists),Pillai of Chola (Kumbakonam ,Thanchavoor,Thrissinappally) Pillai of Pandya (Madura, Ramanathapuram, Thirunelveli) and Gounder of Kongunadu (Coimbatore & Selam) were Vellalas .They are either "sivas" or "vaishnavas". Some wear sacred thread . In "Pathittupathu" Vellalas were called "Uzhavar". Vellala King Mavel Aai founder of "Aai vamsam" created theVenadu . In Tharisappally sasan of 9th century AD, there is mention about Vellala -"velkulasundaran".(TAS II 70-80) In former Travancore and Kochi Vellalas were entrusted with account keeping.They were called "kanakkapillai" accountntant). Muthalpidi and parvathyakars of olden days were all vellalas. Accountants were respectfully called "Pillaiannan".
Vellalars are agricultural people and in Tamilnadu they are classified into Vellalars and Karalars. Vellalars are one who control the "Vellam" i.e floods in the river and grow crops and Karalars are one who control "Kar" i.e Clouds in the form of Tanks and Lakes and grow crops. Later when Southern parts of Tamilnadu came into the control of Telegu Nayak Chieftains, both Vellars and Karalars(Karkathars) came to work under the chieftains. They maintained Accounts in palayakaras offices, and hence they assumed the title kanakku "pillays "and then Pillays. Vellalas in Tamilnadu are concerned, they have broadly three layers. The first layer consists of Saiva Vellalars (Saiva Mudaliars and Pillais). They are vegetarian, literate and sophisticated like Brahmins except priestly duties but also were major landowners, feudal lords and powerful like Rajputs or Thakurs of Northern India except individual violent nature of Rajputs and were village administrators like Kayasthas of Central and Eastern India. There are a number of sub-castes/clans among them like Thondaimandala vellalar, Karkatha vellalar, Tirunelveli saiva vellalar, etc., and most of them intermarry these days.The second layer consists of a number of unique castes, which do not intermarry at all. The castes like Kongu Vellalar, (Western Tamilnadu) Pandia Vellalar,(Madurai) Chozhia Vellalar,(Trichy & Thanjavur) Tuluva Vellalar (North Tamilnadu), Arcot Mudaliar,(North Tamilnadu) Nanjil Vellalar (Kanya Kumari) are concentrated in specific parts of Tamilnadu and are similar to Reddies, Kammas,Vokkaligas and Lingayats. Equating them to Jats may not be appropriate since these vellala castes have a long-standing history of agriculture and leadership whereas Jats have grown to the current position recently and are considered not very cultured in Northern India.But care has to be taken with reference to Lingayats. Lingayat is a large conglomeration that has the top creamy layer similar to Vellalars (Patels, Patils, etc.,) but also has other caste groupings like Barber, Washerman, etc., within it.The third layer consists of certain castes who have started using the title of vellalar like Isai vellalar (Temple musicians and dancers), Devendrakula Vellalars (Pallars, agricultural labourers), etc.,
SANKRITIZATION
Although the tamil word Vellala means the cultivator,
there is ample evidence to indicate that the original Chera , Chola and Pandia Kings were Vellalas. Today vellalas in Tamil nadu is a miniscule minority in southern districts.They are less than 7% of population. In Kerala and Sree Lanka vellalas are thriving.50% of Sri Lankan origin Tamilians are vellalas. Almost all political, business and academic leadership of Tamil community of Sri Lanka has been provided by vellalas. Many castes merged into vellala.'Kalarum maravarum agamuditarum mella mella koodi vellalar aayinere"- so goes the saying. Which means Kalar,Maravar and Agamudaiyar, the three power castes from South Tamilnadu assumed Vellala ID with the accumilation of wealth. This happens in Elankai too. Many including Malayalee Nairs have took Vellala ID with them .This is called "sankritization".Regarding Ayyappan , in Elankai, Ayyanar Swami and among Singalees Ayyanakaye are popular deities.
ORIGIN OF PILLAI
Since, time immemorial , clans existed among Dravidians; but they cannot be equated to castes of later periods. The "Tholkappiam" tells about four groups . The conversion of clans to caste system - right hand caste and left hand caste - occurred during Chola ( Kulothunga-AD 1110 ) period. The caste system got a firm footing after the arrival of Ariyans. Initially there were only two classes: Those who owned land or go to war and those who depend on manual labour for living ( artisans, weavers, farm labourers etc) formed first group. Brahmins were on the top in society and second came Velalars(cultivators ) , chettiyars (business men) ,warriors (Thevar , Kallar , Vanniar ).Others were below these. Due to the process called "sankritization"(every caste takes up the habits and customs of its immediate superior to reach the superior status..) many of Kallars , Maravars and Vanniars became Vellalars . Some section of vellalas gave up meat eating and became vegetarians- they were called "Saiva Vellalas ".This process started in Pallalav period.The Saiva Vellalas carry titles like PILLAI and Mudaliar , depending in the area of domicile. The saiva vellalas of Pandia and Chola K ingdoms carry the title "PILLAI" and those from Pallalva Kingdom used to carry the title MUDALIARAanakulangara Bhagavathy temple in Arunapuram Aanakulangara Bhagavathy temple in Arunapuram, Palai, is one of the oldest temples in Kerala. Vellalas from different parts of Tamilnadu migrated to Malanadu of Kerala. They were called Thenkasy vellalar (Anjoottikkar-500 families) , Kumbakona vellalar etc.
Aanantharangapillai of Pondicherrry comes from Konar community. They also have the title of Pillai. But they belong to Idaiyar or Yadava community. They are not vellalars.
ReplyDeleteCHRISTIAN VELLALA AND NAIR
ReplyDeleteVellala were Naga migrants from Gangetic belt to Kalinga country and then to Chola country during the rule of Kharavela(105 BC) dynasty. They are closely related to other Naga Kalabhra castes from which they slowly evolved into Vellalar. Kalappalar, the Kalabhra aristocracy could be Vellalars. When Europeans came Velllalas were landed aristocracy under the Naickers.
Many of the Vellalar Christian's went abroad to study in the 19th century. Vellalas had been a pillar of the British empire.
DON MUDALIYAR
Vellala Christians along with Karaiyar Christians ruled Srilanka with Don and Mudaliyar titles ruled Srilanka during the Portuguese and Dutch era. Don Luis Poothathambi the most powerful Vellala chieftain of Jaffna was suspected to be conspiring with the Portuguese against the Dutch. He was executed in 1658 AD.
PORTUGUESE ERA
JOAO DA CRUZ
Joao Da Cruz, a converted Nair from Kozhikode was instrumental in the conversion of Paravas of the Pearl fishery in 1535. Joao Da Cruz in 1536 met the king of Venad Aditya Varman (1535 to 1544 AD) and got his permission to convert Venad fishermen also. Joao Da Cruz was never beautified as the Rome wanted to spread the myth that Jesuit Francis Xavier was actually behind the Parava conversions. In fact Francis Xavier sailed from Goa only in 1542 AD. Joao Da Cruz who was instrumental in gaining Portuguese support for Paravas who had been harassed by Muslim Moors.
Joao Da Cruz was a Nair from Kozhikode relative of Kozhikode King Samuthiri. He was also called Martin. Paravas named their Jathi Thalavans as Joao Da Cruz.But Joao Da Cruz was never made a Saint by Rome.
DUTCH ERA
REVEREND AARON
(circa 1698 to 1745)
First Indian preacher of Vellala caste.
ARUMUGHAM
When the first Protestant mission in India opened a school in his neighbourhood, Arumugham was one of the first students at the school to learn from Tamil books printed by the Tranquebar Lutheran Mission.Pastor C Arumugham born in 1698 at Cuddalore. Arumugham was the son of Chockanatha Pillai, a Cuddalore merchant, baptized in 1718 by the first Lutheran missionary in India, Bertholomaeus Ziegenbalg in Tranquebar.
Aron was ordained as a minister in 1733 at the New Jerusalem Church. A German newspaper described Rev. Aaron as the first coloured Protestant pastor in the whole world Sundar Clarke CSI Bishop of Madras from 1974 to 1990 descends from one of the daughters of Rev. Aaron.
CHRISTIAN VELLALA AND NAIR
ReplyDeleteDEVASAHAYAM PILLAI
Devasahayam Pillai (1712 to 1752) is claimed to be the son of Vasudevan Namboodiri of Kayamkulam, who was the priest in the Adikesava Perumal temple, Thiruvattar in Travancore.
In that era Nairs practiced Matriarchy and Polyandry hence Paternity could not be established. Nair Women kept Sambandam with many men simultaneously without marriage. Hence mothers surname is added to the children born through Sambandham as the fathers name was unknown.
Pillai is the surname of Neelakanda Pillai alias Devasahayam Pillai. If Devasahayam Pillai knew that his father was definitely a Nambuthiri he would have called himself Devasahayam Nambuthiri.
Born as Neelakanta Pillai in an affluent Nair family of Nattalam in Kanyakumari. Neelakanda Pillai came under the influence of Dutch Captain Eustachius De Lannoy and was baptized as Lazar, and his Nair wife Bargavi, as Gnanapoo Ammal.
DEVASAHAYAM PILLAI NAIR OR VELLALA
Nairs never married and had wives in the 18th century. Nairs practised Polyandry, Matriarchy and Sambandham in that era. Since Neelakanda Pillai married and had a wife he has to be a Vellala not a Nair. There were Vellalas who practised Matriarchy as well as Patriarchy. Matriarchal Vellala ladys were similar to Nairs practised Polyandry, never had a fixed husband, had Sambandam with many men and Paternity of the children could not be established.
TAMIL NAMES
Devasahayam Pillai and his converted wife Gnanapoo Ammal had Tamil names. Nairs never had Tamil names. More likely he was a Vellala.
BISHOP SUNDAR CLARKE
Bishop Clarke a descendent of Aron the first Vellala Pastor of the Trancobar Lutheran Church ordained in 1718 AD, says that Devasahayam Pillai went to Trancobar and married one of Reverand Arons daughters.
Tharangampadi was the centre of Dutch East India Company.
TREASON
Marthanda Varma had appointed Eustachian De Lannoyas Valia Kapithan after the Kolachel War. But Marhandavarma who that Neelakanda Pillai was hatching a plan to overthrow him by colluding with Dutch. But there is no evidence that he suspected Captain Eustachian De Lannoy.
De Lannoy served from 1741 AD to to 1777 AD.
Neelakanda Pillai was arrested because of the alleged treason not because he had converted to Christianity. Neelakanda Pillai was tied to a stone Pillar in a place called Peruvilai for ten months. After that he disappeared. There is no history of his execution in 1752 AD.
Perhaps he was pardoned and exiled. Then he went to Trancobar which was then the centre of Dutch Protestants and where he married for the second time a daughter of Reverend. Aron. Rev. Aron had four daughters.
John Devasahayam, was the first South Indian to be ordained into the Anglican Church in 1830. Devasahayam Pillai's daughter, Muthammal married John Devasahayam (Possibly a granddaughter) according to Sundar Clarke.
This information comes from a very reliable source Bishop.Sundar ClarkeCSI Bishop of Madras from 1974 to 1990 in his book autobiography, Lead Us On (2005).Bishop. Sundar Clarke was a direct descendent of Rev Aron. Many of of the priests were named as Devasahayam Pillai in the laterdays.
CHRISTIAN VELLALA AND NAIR
ReplyDeleteLATIN CHURCH
The Latin Church which has beatified him, believes he was killed by the King for conversion to Christianity. He had been arrested for treason.Neelakndan Pillai was not killed.The Italians perhaps wanted to give a Nambuthiri saint to the Latin Catholics. Nambuthiris unlike any other Brahmin in India visited Samantha as well as Nair houses for Sambandham (marriageless relationship).
When Tulu-Nepalese dynasties were installed in Kerala with the support of Arabs and Delhi Sultanate in 1335 AD the Dravidian Villavar people were deposed. After this Nambuthiris and Tulu Samanthas ruled Kerala. European colonial rulers supported the Nambuthiris who were migrants from Ahichatram and Tulu Samantha's for 450 years. For Dravidian people it was the worst period. Now the Romans who are in the shoes of colonial rulers and calling a Vellala as Nambuthiri.
DESCENDENTS OF DEVASAHAYAM PILLAI
Devasahayam Pillai's daughter, Muthammal, according to Clarke's account, married John Devasahayam who was ordained in 1830 as the first Indian Anglican priest. John Devasahayam's daughter Annal married Rev W T Satthianadhan, was the first Anglican Bishop.
DYNASTIES OF DUTCH CHRISTIANITY
VELLALA
Clarkes are descendants of Pastor C Arumugham alias Aron a Vellala convert in 1718 AD.
NAIR
Neelakanda Pillai alias Devasahayam Pillai who married Arons daughter.
NAICKAR
Satthianadhans were descendents of Hindu Naickar called Thiruvengadam from Sindupoondurai, Thirunelveli who converted to Christianity in 1847 AD. He was baptised as Rev William Thomas Satthianadhan.
In 1859 Rev Satthianadhan was made Presbyter of Chintadripet Church. He renamed it Zion Church and remained there for 30 years and his son in law, Rev William Devapriyam Clarke (Vellala) succeeded him.
All the above three dynasties of Dutch Protestant Pastors intermarried in the 19th century.After British came many of the Vellala Christians Joined Anglican church.When CSI was formed by integrating Anglican, Methodist, Presbyterian, and the Congregational churches in Tamil Nadu Vellalas joined CSI. Madras and Trichy were there strongholds.
CHRISTIAN VELLALA AND NAIR
ReplyDeleteMARUTHANAYAYAGAM PILLAI
alias YUSUF KHAN
Maruthanayagam Pillai (1725 to 1764 AD) was the commandant of the British East India Company's Madras Army . He was born in a Vellala family at Panaiyur in Ramnad.He had embraced Islam and adopted the name Yusuf Khan thereby he could gain the confidence of Chanda Sahib and Hyderabad Nizam.
Maruthanayagam Pillai convinced Philip Stanhope, 4th Earl of Chesterfield who was in the service of Arcaud Nawab that Pandiyan dynasty in Madurai was founded by his ancestor Mathuranayaga Pandiyan.
Thereby he got the governorship of Madurai and Thirunelveli.
Pandiyans were Villavar-Meenavar rulers and Vellalas were Kalappalar a branch of Kalabhras and more related to Kallars.The British and the Arcot Nawab employed him to suppress the Polygar uprising.
Yusuf Khan married a Portuguese Christian or Luso-Indian girl named Marcia or Marsha. By marrying a Christian he could convince the British that his family was christian. Yusuf Khan's Diwan Srinivasa Rao was bribed by British to capture and deliver him to them. Yusuf Khan was hanged by the British.
SON OF MARUTHANAYAGAM
After the death of Yusuf Khan his 2 yr old son was brought Alwarthirunagari to by Dewan Srinivasa Rao who named the boy Mathuranayagam and brought him up her the Christian faith according to the death wish of Marsha.
British protected the boy and raised him Christian.British stooge Srinivasa Rao adopted the boy the descendents carry his name also. His son was christened Samuel Mathuranayagam in 1778 by Missionary Schwartz.
Rev Srinivasagam Mathuranayagam (1802 AD to 1861 AD) was trained by 'The Apostle of Tinnevelly' Missionary Reverend Charles Theophilus Ewald Rhenius a German missionary of Church Mission Society(CSI). Samuel Srinivasagam Pillai (1856 to 1909 AD) was a Lawyer.
Above all seem to be Maruthanayagam Pillai's descendents who reside at Adaikalapuram in Palayamkottai.
CHRISTIAN VELLALA AND NAIR
ReplyDeletePALAYAMKOTTAI
In 1769 a Vellalar Christian soldier stationed with the East India Company’s garrison at Palaiyankottai wrote Schwartz about his small congregation, begging for a pastor. In 1778, Schwartz himself came to Palaiyankottai.
Schwartz converted Clarinda a Brahmin widow, who with help from a Vellalar catechist-disciple named Rayappan ran a school. Satyanathan Pillai from Thanjavur came in 1783 to work as Pastor-Teacher. In 1790 Satyanathan Pillai was ordained as the first Tamil evangelical missionary.
Satyanathan Pillai was involved in the conversion of Shanar-Nadar around Thiruchendur to Christianity in 1797 AD.
VEDANAYAGAM SASTRIAR (1774 to 1864)
In 1785, a German Missionary, Rev. Christian Fredrick Schwartz visited Tirunelveli. He took Vedanayagam with him to Tanjore. At that time, Prince Serfoji was also studying under Rev. Schwartz. Vedanayagam studied Theology at the Lutheran Seminary in Tharangambadi. He was the court poet of king Serfoji his classmate.
Christian lyrics and literature. He wrote 133 books and his most famous work is ‘Bethlehem Kuravanji’.
His well-known songs include
Thandanai Thudhipome தந்தானை துதிப்போமே
Amen Alleluyah, MahathuvaThambarabara ஆமென் அல்லேலூயா! மகத்துவத் தம்பராபரா,and
Esuvaiye Thudhi sei nee Maname
ஏசுவையே துதிசெய் நீ மனமே
MALAYALAM BIBLE (MALAYANMA BIBLE)
RAMBAN BIBLE
TIMAPAH PILLAY
in 1806 by Pulikkottil Joseph Ittoop and Kayamkulam Philipose Ramban, with the support of the Rev. Claudius Buchanan and Colin Macaulay translated four gospels Syriac bible into malayalam. They were assisted by
Timapah Pillay who translated the Tamil version by Johann Philipp Fabricius into Malayalam. Timapah Pillay went to Bombay, where a font of Malayalam type had been cast, and he supervised the printing. Even though translation was completed in 1807, The book was printed at Bombay Courier press published in 1811 and was later known as Ramban Bible. Ramban bible had many Syriac words unitelligible to Syrian Christians.
Timapah Pillay had translated the whole New Testament from the Tamil by 1813. Thimmappa Pillais bible had a heavy mixture of Tamil.
CHRISTIAN VELLALA AND NAIR
ReplyDeleteMALAYALAM BIBLE
(TULU-GRANTHA-NEPALESE BIBLE)
The Church mission society at Kottayam at 1815 AD. The primary aim of Missionaries was to convert Nairs and Nambuthiris to Christianity. But Nairs and Nambuthiris were using a Nepalese dialect mixed with Sanskrit words commonly known as Grantha Malayalam. The writing system used by them was Tulu script (Tigalari script).
The Malayalis including Syrian Christians were using Malayanma a Tamil like Dravidian language.Syrian Christian's did not know Tulu- Grantha Malayalam used by Nairs and Nambuthiris.The European missionaries schemed to make the Nepalese mixed Malayalam written with Tigalari script as the official malayalam of Kerala.
The Dravidian Malayanma (Malayalam-Tamil) language was banned. By 1815 under Col.Monro the CMS Missionaries succeeded in converting some Palakkad Nairs and Yakub Ramavarman from Brahmin Vellarappalli Kovilakam. Yakub Ramavarman became a preacher in Tamil.
Chathu Menon Chunangat from Ottappalam was converted and baptised as Joseph Fenn. Now Benjamin Bailey a British missionary went to Mangalore Basil Mission to make Tulu Script (Tigalari) types. Since the missionaries wanted the bible to resemble the language of Nairs Chathu Menon was given the task of composing the first Bible in the Tulu Grantha Malayalam.
Thus Palakad Ottappalam Chunangat Chathu Menon a Malayalam scholar and Vaidyanatha Iyer a Tamil, Sanskrit scholar and a Jewish Hebrew scholar Moses ben David Sarphati translated the first Bible with Tulu (Tigalari) Script Nepalese-Sanskrit mixed Malayalam in 1829 AD. In the following years the British succeeded in banning the indigenous Malayanma (Malayalam-Tamil) language and made Tulu-Grantha Malayalam official and taught it in schools.
Thus a Christian Nair Chathu menon was instrumental in writing the first Malayalam bible. All family members of Chathu Menon Chunangat (1778 to 1837 AD) (Joseph Fenn) were baptised at the Anglican church at Kozhikode. Wife Parvathi Amma (Sara)
Sons
Padmanabha Menon (Baker Fenn)
Govindan Kutty Menon (Bailey Fenn)
Daughters
Lakshmi (Mary)
Karthiyani (Sara)
Parvathy (Teresa)
Kalyani (Elizabeth)
CHRISTIAN VELLALA AND NAIR
ReplyDeleteBRITISH EIC
British used Vellalas to collect tax from Kallars and Maravar in the Madurai area. The rights to collect tax was given in 1790 to The renter, Muthu Irulappa Pillai who had taken the lease, showed interest in protecting the British interests.Vellalas were strong allies of Dutch and British colonial rulers.Christian Missionaries addressed them as high caste or land owning class and not as Sudras. Their churches were never attacked.
SAMUEL VEDANAYAGAM PILLAI
Vedanayagam Pillai was born in Inam Kulathur near by tiruchirappalli in 1826 to Savarimuthu Pillai and Arockia Mariammal. He was a Roman Catholic. He wrote the first Tamil Novel Prathapa Mudaliar Charithram.
SUVISESHAPURAM
An Christian village was established with the endowment made by David Pillai Asirvatham, a prominent Vellalar Christian, in 1836, and christened Suviseshapuram.
CHRISTIAN LITERATURE
In Sawyer Putnam G.U.Pope was running a college. For that college as a teacher H.A. Krishnapillai was appointed by Rev. Robert Caldwell. Eventually he was baptised as Anglican.
Henry Alfred Krishnapillai wrote the epic Rakshaniya Yatrikam (இரட்சணிய யாத்திரிகம்) an adaptation of Bunyan’s Pilgrim’s Progress in Poems.His other books were Thiruvarukal (திருவருகல்), Iratchaniya Manoharam(இரட்சணிய மனோகரம்).
He was known as Christian Kambar.
SOZHIYAVELLALAR
Roman Catholic Sozhiyavellalar Trichy is the centre for Sozhiyavellalar and Kodikal Vellalar. In Madras and Trichy they are concentrated.
BANGALORE
Bangalore has highest concentrations of Christian Vellalas. Vellalas and related Mudaliars have converted to Roman Catholic Christianity perhaps four hundred years ago. Most of the priests also belong to Vellalas. Each year they celebrate a festival at St.Marys Church at Shivaji Nagar Bangalore. About ten lakh pilgrims attend the Church festival. The lady pilgrims wear a Safron saree resembling Hindus.
_____________________________________________
TIMELINE
Vellalas converted to Protestant Christianity from 1718 AD onwards.
Vellala Christian Protestant Pastor were there at Trancobar since 1733 AD.
Christian Vellala converts of Thirunelveli or Thanjavur were never attacked.
Maruthanayagam Pillai's son was raised as a Christian at Palayamkottai under British protection in 1778 AD.
Nadar conversions at Thirunelveli in 1797 under the guidance Sathyanathan Pillai.
But the converts were attacked by mobs of Vellalas, Maravas and Kallars. Many Maravas had been converted by John de Britto in 1673 AD
This led to the establishment of Christian exclusive villages like Samaria, Jerusalem, Bethlehem and Sawyerpuram in 1797 Visvasapuram and Dohnavur around 1820 AD.
Timmappah Pillai was translating bible from Tamil to Malayalam at Kottayam in 1813 .
In the same period Thol Seelai Kalaham had started at Trivandrum. Col.Monro allowed Nadars to wear upper cloth in 1813 AD. It was contested by Vellalas and Nairs.
Vedanayagam Sastriar from Thirunelveli was composing Christian Lyrics at Thanjavur. At the same time Vellalas were burning down schools and Churches of Nadars at Travancore at 1828 AD.
It is customary to for a modern Vellala against missionaries and Christian Nadars. But the largest Christian Vellala Population is at Bangalore. Madras, Tiruchirappalli and Palayamkottai have plenty of Christian Vellala population. The Vellalas should go and advice them.
There are many Thomas Nair, George Nair and Mathew Nairs who after converting to Christianity have got the visa to to US, Canada and other European countries.
NAGA
ReplyDeleteNagas were basically a north Indian people but ethnically different from Aryans. Nagas were a subordinate people of Aryans. Nagas, Aryans and Dravidians are three different races of India.
HINDI
Hindi is also known as Devanagari was the language of Deva(Aryan) and Naga people.
INDRA
Indra was the king of Devas was elected mostly from Aryan people. But some Nagas were also elected as King of Devanagari people. Nahusha was a prihistorical Naga king who attained Indra status.
NAHUSHA
Nahusha was elected as a Indra as the reigning Indra was removed by a curse. Nahusha ruled from Pratishthana, modern Paithan in Aurangabad district, Maharashtra. This may correspond to the period of occupation of central india by Nagas as told in Kalithokai. Son of Nahusha was Yayati. Sons of Yayati were Puru, ancestor of the Pandavas and Kauravas and Yadu, ancestor of Yadavas. Yadus had a tribal union with the Turvasha tribe, and were frequently described together. Thus Pandavas Kauravas and Yadhava might descend from Naga king Nahusha.
DESCENDENTS OF INDRA
The Naga migrants from Gangetic river area to South India also claim descendency from Indra and Ahalya.
Nahusha → Yayati
Yayati → Puru dynasty
Puru dynasty → Kuru dynasty + Yadava dynasty
kuru dynasty → Kauravas+ Bharatha dynasty
DESCENDENTS OF KAURAVA
It is customary for the Naga migrants to south India and Srilanka to claim as descendants of Kaurava or Kurukula or Bharathakula. Karaiyar, Konda Karavas and other fishernen communities claim that they are descendents of Kauravas.. In India these Nagas pretend to be Tamils but in Sinhalese territories they always identify themselves as descendents of Kaurava or Bharatha.
WAR AGAINST NAGAS
Kalithokai an ancient Tamil literature describes a great war fought between combined armies of Dravidian Villavar Meenavar against Nagas. In that war Villavar Meenavar were defeated and Nagas occupied central India. This war could have happened at 700 BC. Nahusha ruled central India with Pratishthana at Mahararashtra as his Capital perhaps after this period.
NAGA MIGRANTS TO SOUTH INDIA
Various clans of Nagas migrated to south India and Srilanka especially to coastal areas.
1. Varunakulathor (Karave)
2. Guhankulathor (Maravar, Murguhar, Sinhalese)
3. Kauravas(Karave, Karaiyar)
4. Paradavar
5. Kalabhras(Kalappalar, Vellalar, Kallar)
6. Ahichatram Nagas (Nair)
NAGA
ReplyDeleteGUHAN DESCENDENTS
The Guhan descendents belonged to the clan of Guhan, the mythical boatman Guhan at the banks of Sarayu river, a tributary of Ganges river. Guhan helped Lord Shree Rama to cross the Ganges river. Lord Shriram invited the Guhan clan to Ayodhya and gave them positions.
WAR WITH RAVANA
The Guhan clans formed part of Ayodhyas army who accompanied Lord Shrirama to southern India. Along with Vanara (Vanar - Banar) from Kishkinda the Guhan clans fought against Ravana. Ravana belonged to Iyakkar clan who were closely associated with Dravidian people and spoke Tamil. Ravana's uncle Sage Agasthya wrote grammar for Tamil called Agathiyam. Ravana could have ruled in the sixth century BC.
Mahabharatha mentions a Singhala King from Srilanka participating in Kurukshetra war and Rajasuya Yagnam. Vibishana snd Maya Danava, father in law of Ravana also lived in the Mahabharatham period. In 543 AD Vijaya established Singhalese kingdom. Thus Vibishana and a Singhala king coexisted at Srilanka according to Mahabharatham, possibly in the sixth century BC.
MARAVAR
Mattakalappu Manmiyam says that Maravars had been fishermen at the Ganges river who were invited to Ayodhya by Lord Shriram and were given positions in Ayodhya. Mattakalappu Manmiyam also says that Ayodhya ancestry meant Maravar. Later Maravar became the companions of Lord Shriram and came to south india. Along with Vanaras Maravar invaded and defeated Ravana. Mattakalappu Manmiyam praises Maravar as destroyers of Arakkar dynasty. Maravar and Vanarar might have fought with Ravana in the sixth century BC.
வீரனென்னும் பரதிகுல யிரகுமுன்னாள்வேட்டை சென்றெங்கள் குலமெல்லிதன்னைமாரனென்றணைத்தீன்ற சவலையர்க்குவருஇரகு நாடனென நாமமிட்டுபூருவத்தி லயோத்தி யுரிமையீந்துபோன பின்னர் சிறிராமர் துணைவராகிதீரரென்னுமரக்கர்குலம் வேரறுத்தசிவ மறவர்குலம் நானும் வரிசைகேட்டேன்(மட்டகளப்பு மான்மியம்)
Mattakalappu Manmiyam says that after this war at Lanka many Nagas started migrating to Srilanka.
NAGA
ReplyDeleteINVASION OF SRILANKA BY MURGUHAR
Murguhar from Ayodhya invaded Srilanka.
இலங்கையின் வனப்பைக் கேள்வியுற்று வடஇந்தியாவிலே அயோத்தியினின்றும் முற்குகர் இலங்கைக்குப் படையெடுத்து வந்தனர்.
(மட்டக்களப்பு மான்மியம்)
THREE BRANCHES OF GUHAN
According to Mattakalappu Manmiyam the three branches of Guhan were Singar Vangar and Kalingar. The Nagas moved along the Ganges eastwards and founded or joined the kingdoms at Bengal and Kalinga.
The three ancient kingdoms of Guhan clans were
1. Singar- Sinhala country at Bengal
2. Vangar - Bengal
3. Kalingar - Orissa
From these countries the Nagas started settling at the east coast of Tamilnadu and Ramnad and Srilanka.
THREE SUBCLANS OF GUHAN CLAN
By the merger of the Nagas from three Guhan branches Singar, Vangar and Kalingar three clans of Nagas emerged.
These were
1. Sinhalese
2. Maravar
3. Murguhar(Mukkuvar)
These three clans were called the Murkulathor or Mukkulathor or Mukkulathavar or Murguhar in Srilanka according to Mattakalappu Manmiyam. Because of this close relationship with Sinhalese, at the Mattakalappu ruled by Kandy's Kalingan kings, Mukkuvar were appointed as the regional Governor of Mattakalappu area called Podi . Mukkuvar governors called Arumakutty Podi and Kandappodi were mentioned in the Mattakalappu Manmiyam written in 1600s.
Similarly Maravar were appointed as Vanniya, administrators of the Mattakalappu area. However in the northern Tamil area, Yazhpanam Maravar or Mukkuvar could not occupy high offices. Guhan clans the Sinhalese, Maravar and Mukkuvar could be the early Naga migrants who might have migrated after the invasion of Vijayabahu in 543 BC.
INDIAN MUKKULATHOR
At India Maravar have distanced themselves from Mukkuvar and have joined Kalabhras and Thuluva Vellala at the South arcot area.
ReplyDeleteNAGA
NAGA DYNASTIES IN NORTH INDIA
Nagas were considered equal to Aryans in the early period. Nagas had high status and could become Indra. Many Naga dynasties ruled northindia. Shishunaga dynasty (413 to 345 BC) and Nanda dynasty (345 to 322 BC) were the last Naga dynasties to rule Northern India. But in the laterdays they became an oppressed class in the northern India. Nagas were sold as slave warriors to southern kingdoms. Nagas adoption of Buddhism from sixth century onwards might have caused their degradation.
BUDDHIST NAGAS
Nagas were closely associated with the Ikshvaku dynasty. The last king of Ikshvaku dynasty Prasanajit who ruled Kashi converted to Buddhism and became a disciple of Lord Buddha. After this period the Nagas revolted against the Aryan practices and converted themselves to Buddhism.
ARYAN REACTION
Pushyamitra Sunga(185 BC to 149 BC) a Brahmin - General of Maurya empire murdered the last king of Maurya dynasty Brihadratha Maurya. Pushyamitra Sunga established the Sunga dynasty. Pushyamitra Sunga persecuted the Buddhists, most of them were Nagas. Pushyamitra Sunga burned Buddhist scriptures and demolished Monasteries After this period Nagas were degraded.
Brahmins converted the New foreign invaders such as Scythian and Huna invaders to Hinduism. In the later period Jat clans and Rajputs perhaps originated from the foreign invaders. Mohyal Brahmins from Iraq seem to be originally Turkish people but now accepted as Brahmins. Nagas were pushed to a lower stratum in the North India. The persecution of Nagas could be one reason why there was mass migration of Nagar to Southern India. An other reason was the Scythian-Saka invasion in 150 BC.
NAGARS OF PADMAVATI(170 AD to 350 AD)
Nagas of central India, which was a hindu dynasty, rose again after the end of Kushana rule. Nagas from Vidisha extended their rule to Mathura. They were contemporaries of Saka rulers. In the end they were subjugated by the Gupta empire.
NAGA
ReplyDeleteINDO-SCYTHIAN KINGDOM(150 BCE to 400 AD)
Indo-Scythian invasion and their occupation of Sind, Ganges and Narmatha river valleys might have caused a large exodus ofKalwar from the Chedi kingdom. Kalwar from Chedi Kingdom were known as Kalappirar in the south India. North Indian Kalwar surnames Kalar, Kallar, Kaliyapala and Kalal closely resemble that of Kalappirar titles Kalvar, Kaliyar, Kallar and Kalappalar.
CHEDI KINGDOM
Chedi kingdom was situated at Madyapradesh at the banks of Ken river. Kalwar might have been the inhabitants of Chedi Kingdom. Kalwar might have migrated to ancient orissa and then to Tamilnad where they were known as Kalappirar or Kalappalar.
Kalwar might be the same people who founded Kalachuri kingdoms at Mahishmati in the 6th century and at Tripuri in the 10th century AD. Kalachuri soldiers used a type of knife called Churi. Churi Knife was used in Tamilnadu after the invasion of Kalappirar.
KING KHARAVELA(105 BC)
King Kharavela who was from the Chedi dynasty ruled Kalinga country in the second century BC. Kharavela occupied the northern Tamilnadu around 105 BC. The Kharavelas commanders who occupied northern Tamilnadu were known as Velir or Vel Alar or Karalar. Since they came from Kalinga the Vellalar were known as Kalinga Kulam. Vellalar were early Kalappirar who were also Known as Kalappalar. Kalappalar were the aristocracy of Kalappirar. Vellala have Pillai and Mudaliar surnames.
KALWAR KOMAN PULLI
In the early Christian era a Kalabhra ruler called Mavan Pulli also known as Kalvar Koman ruled at Thirupathi.
KALABHRA INVASION
In the third century the Kalappirar or Kaliar or Kalvar established their rule after defeating all the three crowned kings of Thamilakam Next three hundred years Tamilakam went into a dark age. The Kalabhra capital was at the Nandi hills near Bangalore. The descendents of Kalappirar are Kalappalar-Vellalar and Kallar community of Tamilnadu.
KALLAR
Puvindra puranam and Kalla Kesari Purannam claim that Kallar descended from Indra and Ahalya. Historically Kallar were the descendents of Kalabhra invaders in the third century AD.
Kallar, Maravar, Agamudaiyar and Vellalars are closely related Naga tribes who migrated from Gangetic river area to Tamilnadu in the third Tamil Sangam Period(500 BC to 300 AD). They claim to descent from Indra and Ahalya, wife of Rishi Gautma.
INDRA KULAM
Indra had an illicit relationship with Rishi Gautama's wife Ahalya. Ahalia bore Indra three sons, who respectively took the names Kalla, Marava, and Ahambadya. claim to be descendants of Thevan or Indra.(Mr. F. S. Mullaly )
But according to Ramakien, the Thai Ramayana the children of Ahalya through Indra was Bali and through Surya was Sugriva.
'கள்ளர் மறவர் கனத்ததோர் அகமுடையர் மெல்ல மெல்ல வெள்ளாளர் ஆனார்'
is an old saying.
kallar, Maravar and Ahambadiyar slowly became Vellalars. Thus Vellalar, Kallar, Maravar and Agambadiyar all belong to Indra Kulam.
This is the reason why in Kallar marriages the bridegroom has to confirn that he belongs to Indra kulam, Thalavala nadu, and Ahalya gotra. Ala means Naga. Thalavala nadu may mean Head of Naga country. Kallars practised Polyandry, a Naga custom.
KARAIYAR
Mattakalappu Mahanmiyam says that Karaiyar were impressed by the prosperity of Srilanka and started migrating to Srilanka. Karaiyar claim descendency from Kauvarava and Bharatha. Karaiyar might have migrated to Srilanka in the early third Sangam period around 300 BC.
NAGA
ReplyDeleteNAGAS IN SANGAM LITERATURE
Sangam Literature mentioned Maravar, Eyinar, Aruvalar, Oliar, Oviar, Paradavar were the ancient Naga migrants to Tamilnadu.
PARADAVAR
Paradavar call themselves Parvatha Rajakulam and also Bharathakula Kshatriyar. Parvatha clan was one of the Vedic clans at the Gangetic area. Parvatha clan was mentioned by Mahabharatha who were residing at the Northwest and also at the Gangetic areas in the sixth century BC. Paratarajas was an Iranian dynasty ruling over Baloochistan between first to third century AD. At Baloochistan a northern Dravidian language called Brahui is still spoken. Paradavar might have been displaced from their homeland at the first century AD. In the same period they appeared at the Sangam age Tamilnadu. Paradavar revolted against the Pandiyan rulers who were successful in defeating and suppressing them. Nedunjeliyan II at 210 AD defeated the Paradavar who refused to pay tax.
THE ORIGINAL INHABITANTS OF SRILANKA
The people indigenous to Srilanka were Iyakkar. Iyakkar were a minor race of people who were ethnically different from Dravidian Villavar. But they intermixed with Asura-Dravidian people and they spoke Tamil. Other occupants of Srilanka were Dravidians-Asura people. The island was under the influence and control of Villavar dynasties ie Chera Chola Pandiyan dynasties. Agasthya Muni used to stay at the Agasthya malai in Tamilnadu. Sage Agasthya was the uncle of Iyakkar king Ravana.
A place called Komari exists at the south eastern Srilanka. A place called Madura exists at south central area from where a river called Madura oya(river) starts flowing. The places Komari and Madura could be related to the kumarikkandam the continent destroyed by deluge. The largest river in Srilanka was called Mahaweli Ganga. Mahabali was the ancestor of Villavar and Bana people of India. But when the Gangetic Nagas arrived they have added Ganga to it.
Srilankas old name itself was Thambapani, which was a variant of the name of Thamraparni river in Tamilnadu. The Iyakkar capital was at Thambapani when the Sinhalese prince Singabahu invaded the Srilanka in 543 BC. Srilanka was also called Serendib, a variation of Cherandeevu which was an indication of Chera king's sovergnity in Srilanka in the prehistorical era. Serendib is even now the official name of Srilanka. Prior to first Sinhala king Vijaya Bahu's arrival in 543 BC, many Nagas had been inhabiting Srilanka along with Iyakkar.
NAGA DWEEP
In the third Tamil Sangam period itself Srilanka was called Naga Nadu or Naga Theevu. The early Nagas often joined hands with the Iyakkar against the Sinhalese. Srilanka is a country of Buddhist Nagas, who have their origin at Gangetic river basin.
RISE OF BUDDHISM
Many of the Nagas who migrated to Srilanka could have been Buddhists already. When Ashokas sons Mahendra and Sangamitra arrived at Srilanka in during the reign of King Devanampiya Tissa (250 BC to 210 BC) who ruled from Anuradhapura at 250 BC most of the Srilankans were converted to Buddhism.
IYAKKAR NAGA WARS
The indigenous Iyakkar people were eventually defeated and suppressed. The Iyakkar clan fishermen called Thimilar were also defeated. But finally Thimilar were massacred with the help of Pattanis from Afghanistan in the 12fth century AD.
IYAKKAR MIGRATION TO KERALA
Many Iyakkar migrated to Kerala in the ancient times. Ezha Iyakkar became a supporting clan of Chera dynasty founded by Villavar clans. Iyakkar-Yakkar lords ruled over Kakkanad, Kumaranellur and Punalur areas. Ezha Iyakkar inscriptions are found at Kakkanad temple in the Ernakulam district.
NAGA
ReplyDeleteTHE AHICHATRAM NAGAS(345 AD)
In the Kadamba country in Karnataka a Brahmin called Mayurasharma Became a king and changed his name to Mayura Varma. Mayuravarma to strengthen himself brought Aryan Brahmins and Naga slave warriors from Ahichatram which was the ancient capital of Uttarapanchala country at 345 AD. These Naga slave warriors were known as Buntaru (bonded slaves).
These Nagas could be related to Newar people of Nepal. Laterday Nair architecture closely resembled Newar architecture. Newars practised Matriarchy earlier. Mayuravarma settled them at the coastal Karnataka. These Nagas mixed with the local Bana clans known as Banta(of Bana). Eventually both were called Bunts. Bunts, including Nairs had served Alupa kingdom at Mangalore.
GANGAR AND KONGAR
Gangetic area agriculturists called Gangar or Kongar(Gauda Gaundar) migrated to south india around second century AD. Gauda is an alternative name for Ganges. In Tamilnadu they were known as Kongu. Cilappatikaram mentioned that Cheran Cenkuttuvan defeated Kongu people in the second century AD. In 350 AD western Ganga kingdom was established at Karnataka after the southern invasion of Samudra Gupta.
During the rule of Western Ganga king Avinita(469 AD to 529 AD) Kongu was brought under Ganga dynaடsty and the Kongu Vellalar settled down at Kongu in the sixth century AD. Chera dynasty after losing Kongu territory shifted their capital from Karur to Kodungaloor. Kongu Vellalars are ethnically related to Gaudas of Karnataka, Gangadikara Vokkaliga. They are also related to Lingayaths of Karnataka by religeon hence they are also called as Lingaya Gaunders. They are not ethnically related to Vellalar and other Nagas. Kongu Vellalar had been the enemies of Villavar of Chera dynasty.
NAGPUR
Nagpur is considered a centre of Nagas. But in North India Nagars were forced to remain in a lower stratumUnlike their oppressed Naga counterparts in the Northern India, the Nagas in Kerala and Tamilnadu by allying with the Arabs and Delhi Sultanate had elevated themselves to a higher stratum but destroyed the local Dravidian Villavar culture.
NAGA
ReplyDeleteTHE RISE OF NAGAS
Until 12th century the Ahichatram Nagas of Tulunadu, the Nairs were serving their Tulu Kings subserviently. Similarly the Gangetic Nagas of Tamilnadu Vellalar, Kallar, Maravar and Agambadiyar were serving the Chola and Pandyan kingdoms subserviently.
But the Arrival of Arabs and Turks in the 12th century transformed Nagas considerably. In the North India many with Naga roots joined the armies of Turkish sultanate.
TULU INVASION
In 1102 AD Kerala's hindu Villavar kings faced threat from a Tulu Buddhist prince called Banapperumal. Banapperumal had been supported by Arabs who wanted to establish a sea base, port and a settlement in Kerala. Facing imminent Tulu invasion the Chera dynasty ruling at Kodungaloor shifted its capital to Kollam at 1102 AD. At 1120 AD Banapperumal brother of King Kavi Alupendra of alupa dynasty invaded Kerala with 350000 strong Nair army. In fact it was a mass migration of Nairs from Tulunadu to Kerala.
Banapperumal invaded Malabar, and occupied Northern Kerala without war.
Chera dynasty perhaps did not want to go to war with Arabs who had a powerful navy and their companions the Tulu-Nepalese Nagas.
Banapperumal established his capital at Valarpattinam near Kannur. After that He ruled from Kodungaloor which had been abandoned by the Chera dynasty in 1102 AD.
Banapperumal and some of his nephews embraced Islam religeon. Many Nairs converted to Islam religeon and a Matriarchal muslim community was established at Malabar. Banapperumal left for Arabia in 1156 AD after dividing Malabar and giving to his son Udayavarman Kolathiri and his three nephews born to his sister Sridevi. Thus a large Nair population had entered Kerala in the twelfth century with Arab support. Arabs continued to protect them until sixteenth century.
NAIRS
Nairs were Ahichatram Nagas, who practised many Naga customs like Matriarchy and Polyandry. Nairs had numerous snake temples called Sarpakavus, where they worshipped live snake.
Nairs were related to Bunt community of Tulunadu but not ethnically related to other Malayalis. At kerala they intermixed with Tamil clans such as Vellalar and Panickar.
Nair lords were called Madambi (Mada + Nambi), because of their place of origin Ahichatra Madasthana (high place) at Himalaya.
NAGA
ReplyDeleteMALIK KAFUR'S INVASION IN 1310 AD
In 1310 AD, Delhi's armies with its two lakh soldiers led by Malik Kafur attacked Panddyan Kingdom. Around Thiruchengodu places called Chanara Palayam and Panickar Palayam exist where the Pandyan armies were once stationed. Pandyan kingdom which had only an army with Fifty thousand and was defeated. In the following period Delhis armies hunted down Villavars. Many Villavars found refuge in the western Ghats others went to Srilanka.
NAGAS COLLUSION WITH DELHI SULTANATE
Many Nagas with Kalappirar lineage converted to islam religeon in that period. By this Vellalar, Kallar and Maravars were enabled to occupy the Chola clan and Pandyan clan lands.
After the defeat of Pandyan dynasty in 1310 AD by Malik Kafur, Nagas were elevated to a higher position. Eventthough they were Sudras, Nagas were elevated high above the indigenous Villavar clans. Till then Kerala and Tamilnadu had been ruled by Villavar clans. The reason for this is, bulk of the Nagas had allied with the invaders from Delhi and many nagas had embraced Islam religeon. Many Kallars were reconverted to hinduismட again after the establishment of Vijayanagara Naicker rulein 1377 AD but kallars retained some islamic customs such as circumcision.
MADURAI SULTANATE (1335 AD to 1377 AD)
When Madurai sultanate was founded in 1335 Kerala was given to Tulu Samantha-Nambuthiri dynasties. This empowered Nairs throughout Kerala again without war. Thus Nairs established their authority all over Kerala by becoming allies of Arabs, Delhi Sultanate and Madurai sultanate, without fighting any war.
At Tamilnadu Kallars and Vellalars joined the Madurai sultanate as allies and many embraced Islam religeon. The Kallar, Maravar, Ahambadiyar and Vellalar occupied Villavar lands in that period.
PARASHURAMA
Nambuthiris claimed that Parashurama created Kerala out of the sea by throwing his axe and gave it to them. In the earlier Tamil Chera dynasty period Parashurama was never mentioned in books or inscriptions. This is a ploy of Nambuthiries to claim the Dravidian lands of Villavar people. Parasurama who lived in Treta Yuga 2,163,102 BC to 867,102 BC never ventured south of Haihaya kingdom or Narmata river. In reality Kerala was given to Nambuthiris by Malik Kafur only. Arabs brought Tulu-Nepalese Brahmins inside Kerala in 1120 AD. Malik Kafur in 1310 AD after defeating Pandyan dynasty gave Kerala to the rule of Tulu-Nepalese dynasties of Namputhiris and Samanthas. This in turn led to thகe dominance of Ahichatram Nagas in Kerala.
FOUR TULU-NEPALESE KINGDOMS (1335)
Four Tulu Samantha kingdoms were established in them Nambuthiris had the right for sambandam with princesses. Thus these dynasties was Tulu Samantha+Nambuthiri dynasties.
1. Kolathiri dynasty
2. Samuthiri dynasty
3. Kochi dynasty
4. Attingal rani dynasty
SMALL NAIR KINGDOMS
Valluvanadu, Palakkadu and Thekkumkur kings were Nairs.
VALLUVA KONATHIRI
Valluvakonathiri moopil Nair was the king of Valluvanad. On each 12 years during the Mamangam festival Valluvanad Nairs attempted to Kill Samuthiri at the Utsavaparambu near Pattambi.
THAROOR SWAROOPAM
Tharoor swaroopam was the Palakkad kingdom ruled over by Nair kings called Sekhari Varmas. Prior to 1335 AD they were at Athavanad in Ponnani Thaluk of Malappuram district.
NAGA
ReplyDeleteOCCUPATION OF CHERA TEMPLES(1335 AD)
The Chera temples were occupied by Nagas in 1335 AD. Immediate response was the Villarvattom king and his Panickers converted to Christianity after 1339 AD which provoked an attack from Samudiri and Arabs on Chendanangalam in 1340 AD. Half of Villavars went to Srilanka and adopted Buddhism. Nearly 45 percent of remaining Hindus converted to other religions. The Dravidian Hinduism including Kannagi worship came to an end. A Nepalese style of Hinduism including alive Naga worship came into existence in Kerala.
EXODUS OF VILLAVARS(1350 AD)
The Delhis army continued to massacre the Villavars. Villavars took refuge in the western Ghats. Chanar Malai near Chenkotah was a jungle refuge used by Villavars for the next two hundred years. Many Villavar Panickars from Kerala went to Srilanka. Between 1350 to 1600 AD, Panicker armies of Kerala served the three kingdoms of Srilanka ie Kotte, Kandi and Yazhpanam kingdoms. Panikkars were converted to Buddhism and lost their individuality. Alagakonara who went from Vanchipura ie Kollam built the Colombo fort. He named it after the old name of Kollam, Kolambam. His son Vira Alakesvara of Gampola ruled Gambola near Colombo between 1387 to 1411 AD. Alagakonara family also had adopted Buddhism.
Sadasiva Panickan joined the Kotte kingdom as elephant trainer. Sadasivapanikkan married a lady from the royal family of Kotte. His son Senbahapperumal became the ruler of Kotte and Jaffna kingdoms, and adopted the royal title Bhuvanaikabahu VI of Kotte (1469 AD to 1477 AD)The migration of Villavar armies to Srilanka and their religious conversion to Buddhismfurther weakened the Villavar people of India. The Tamil soldiers from Kerala because of their peculiar hair knot on top of the head were known as Kondaikkara Thamilar.
The Tamil soldiers from Kerala because of their peculiar hairstyle were known as Kondaikkara Thamilar.
IYAKKAR STAND AFTER 1335 AD
Keralas Ezha iyakkar population did not fight the Naga invaders and they had accepted a subordinate position. Some people of Villavar origin, Villavar, Panickars and Shannar joined Ezha Iyakkar and they became their leaders. These considerably weakened Villavars and took away their ability to retaliate.
VIJAYANAGARA NAICKAR ATTACK (1377 AD)
The Vijayanagara attack under Kumara Kambanna defeated and evicted the Madurai sultanate. During the Vijayanagara period many of the Kallars were reconverted to Hinduism. But many Kallars retained many Islamic customs until the end of 20th century.
1. Circumcision Piramalaikkallar boys were practising circumcision until late 20th century with feast and celebration
2. In Kallar marriages the bridegroom does not tie the thali but his sister ties the Thali around the neck of Bride.
3. Kallar Thali bears the Crescent and star symbol.
VANATHIRAYAR
Vijayanagara Nayaks appointed Banas of Bana kingdom in the Andhrapradesh as the rulers of Madurai. Mahabali Vanathirayars pretended to be Pandyas. A bana chieftain called Thol Mahavili Vanathirayar was kept on the Pandya throne by Vijayanagar commander Vittala in the fifteenth century.A Vanathirayar had called himself Pandyakylanthaka or destroyer of the Pandiyan dynasty. Vanathirayar(Vanniar, Vanavarayar, Vanakovaraiyar) were appointed as the leaders of Nagas of Tamilnadu. Later these Vanathirayars who were the leaders of Various Naga clans became Palayakkarar under Madurai Nayak rule. Vanathirayars were ethnically related to Telugu Balija Naickars but not related to any Naga clans. These Vanathirayars used the Thevar title. The Naga, Kalabhra and Tuluva Vellalas also started using the Thevar title.
Vijayanagara Naickars by effectively making Vanathirayars as naga clan chiefs controlled the Naga clans of Tamilnadu and by using the Naga armies antagonised the Villavar dynasties.
NAGA
ReplyDeleteTHE EUROPEAN COLONIAL RULERS
The rightful owners of Tamilnadu and Kerala were Villavars and the rightful owners of Karnataka and Andhrapredesh were Banas. Villavar had ruled Tamilakam from time immemorial. Villavar had built all the temples in Kerala and Tailnadu. Banar were the northern cousins of Villavars and the arch enemies of Villavars.
Malik Kafur defeated Pandyan kingdom in 1310 AD which led to the rule of Tulu Bana-Nepalese rule in Kerala(1335) and also led to Balija (Bana) Naickar rule in Tamilnadu(1377). This also led to the rise of Nepalese Nagas in Kerala and the elevation of Gangetic Basin Nagas in Tamilnadu. The suppression of Villavars and elevation of Nagas was an Arab, Delhi Sultanate and Madurai Sultanate strategy.
The European colonial rulers readily accepted the Delhi sultanate's strategy of suppression of indigenous Dravidian Villavars and elevation of Nagas. The Portuguese supported North Indian Aryan Naga migrants to and also the foreign blooded Christians in Kerala. Dutch and British followed the same strategy of Delhi Sultanate.
Most of the colonial administrators were northen migrants. Thus Nagas had a golden age for 450 years in India and Srilanka . Nagas had come to south india as slaves or refugees. Nagas had been thiefs and robbers or slave warriors by profession in south India. Most of the criminal tribes in South India were Naga clans. But with the help of Muslim invaders and Europeans the Nagas were actually ruling south India after 1335.
Portuguese supported the Tulu-Nepalese rulers of Kerala. Europeans became protectors of Nagas of Kerala replacing the Delhi sultanate and Arabs .Europeans protected Nagas in Kerala for 450 years. Nagas had retained their high position until independence with European help.
Most of the foreign sailor traders and invaders such as Arabs, Turkish sultanate of Delhi and Europeans preferred non-native Tulu-Nepalese Naga-Samantha clans to indigenous villavar tamil rulers of Kerala.
In Tamilnadu Portuguese and Dutch converted many Nagas especially Marava and Vellalars to Christianity. British who came as allies of Arcot Nawab followed the same policies of Muslim invaders such as elevation of Nagas and Suppression of Villavars.
NAGA COLLUSION WITH SULTHANS AND BRITISH
MARUTHANAYAGAM PILLAI ALIAS YUSUF KHAN
Maruthanayagam Pillai (1725 to 1764 AD) was a Vellala commandant of the British East India Company's Madras Army. He had embraced Islam and adopted the name Yusuf Khan thereby he could gain the confidence of Chanda Sahib the Arcot Nawab and Hyderabad Nizam. Yusuf Khan married a Portuguese Christian or Luso-Indian girl named Marcia or Marsha. By marrying a Christian he could convince the British that his family was christian. British appointed him Tax collector of Madurai and Thirunelveli. But when Maruthanayagam Pillai tried to betray his British masters they hanged him. British raised his son a Christian.
VELLUVAKKAMMARAN NAMBIAR ALIAS SHEIKH MUHAMMAD AYAZ KHAN
Velluvakkammaran Nambiar (1713 to 1799) was a commander of Hyder ali who converted to Islam. Ayaz Khan became an adopted son and trusted lieutenant of Hyder Ali. Ayaz Khan was made the Governor of Chitradurga.
In 1778 Ayaz Khan was appointed as the Commander of Bednur Fort. Ayaz Khan in 1782 conspired with the British and handed over the Bednur Fort to British. After the surrender he lived at Bombay as a pensioner of British.
1.V. O. Chidambaram Pillai
ReplyDelete2.Meenakshi Sundaram Pillai
3.Manonmaniam Sundaram Pillai
4.Samuel Vedanayagam Pillai
5.Kavimani Desigavinayagam Pillai
6.Ramesh Krishnan
7.Raja Remigius Kanagarajah
PRIVILEGES OF VELLALA IN THE KANDY KINGDOM IN 1600 AD
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நன்மைக்கும் தீமைக்கும் கும்பவரிசை
சீர் பெற்றிலங்கு வுயர்வாழீழநகர் மேவு தென்னவன் சென்னிகொங்கன்
தீர ரென மூவரரசாண்டு வருநாளிலே திறமை நலமேவு
வரிசை செய்திட்டமர பெக்காலமும் பூசுரன் திறலரசன் வணிகருழவர்
சிறைகள் பதினெட்டுடன வர்கள் பெறு வரிசை தீர்த்திட்ட செய்தியவேகேள்
பார்பெற்ற பரிதிகுல கலிங்கமரபினோர் பதின்மூன்று கும்பமும்
தேங்கினுயர் பாளைதனிப் பாவாடை மேற்கட்டி தாரை தவில்குழல்
வீணை பவனிபெறு பந்தலுள் ளிரண்டு நிறைகுடமுயரவும் பஞ்சமலர்
தூவவுங் கஞ்சமலர் மேவவும் பாவாணர் பாடிவரவும் பட்டாடை
பதின்மூன்று கொய்து மனைமேலெறிதல் பலகிரண தீபமிடுதல்.
ஏர்பெற்றிலங்கு நவதானியங் கொட்டுதல் பதினெட்டு வரிசை யெழுதல்
எதிருழவர் தங்களுக்கீந்த சிறை பதினெட்டு மியல் தொண்டு செய்து வரவும்
இலகு வெண்குடை தவள மேவு பூபாலனென வேற்று நரர் துதிபுரியவும்
எத்திருப்பதியிலும்; முகமனென முன்னீடிட்டு நன்முறைகள் முதலாய்
எற்றெவர் முன் தேசமென்று பணிசெய்து வரவும்
தார்பெற்றிலங்கபுவி வேளாளர் தன்வணிகர் சந்திர மரபர் தக்க கொடையீந்து
மகிழ மூன்று குகர்முறைகூறும் சாதிசிறையாதி முதலாய்த் தக்கபடியிம் முறைகள்
தவறாதிருத்தி முன்சாதி யென ஏற்று வரவும் இது தவறினோர் ஏழ்நரகு
வீழ்வரென மலையமான் சாற்றிவைத்திட்டதிதுவே
இது முறைமை தவறாது மூன்று குகமரபினோரிடுவரிசை பெறுமுதன்மை கேள்.
ஏர்சாலி கொடுவந்த படையாட்சிகுலமு டையினர் இடுகுடும்ப மொன்பதும்
இடுசிலை கொய்தெறிதலி யல்தேங்கு மலர்களிடுதல் இசைகள் தருபறை
மேளமொலி குரவை மேற்கட்டி இரு பந்தரெதிலிடுதல் முதுமைதருமுழவர்
சிறையெழுவர் பணிசெய்யவும் முகமலர்ந்துண்டு வரவும் முறைதமை தவறாது
நிலபாவாடை பலகிரண தீபமும் முன்கூரை முகடுதனில் முன்சொன்ன
பந்தலிலெந்தமலர் குவியினுமுலகுள்ளோர் ஏற்று வரவும் முற்கால
குகனென் குலமென்று மற்றுமுள்ளோர் முன்குகனென்றும் வரவும்
எதுகால பரியந்தம் செய்யென்று சேரனுமிட்டெழுதிவைத்த தருணம்
எதிர்நின்ற பணிக்கர் குலம் இவ்வரிசை செய்யென்றுமிடது வலமாக வரவும்
எஞ்ஞான்று காலமும் உழவுதொழில் புரியவும் நல்தானமீந்து வரவும்
இன்பமுறுமிருது வதுவை கொண்டாட்டமுயரவுமி ன்றென்று மேற்றுவரவும்
பொதுவாக வுலகிலுயர் போடி குலஞ் செய்வரிசை பூம்பந்தர் பறைமேளம்
வெடிகுரவை ஆலாத்தி புலவர்கவி பாவாடையும் புவிதேங்குமலர் மேவுகூரைமுடி
பன்னொன்று புதிய துயிலொன்பது கொய்தெறிதல் மேற்கட்டியும் புகழத்
தங்குவெள்ளார் கொண்டசிறை பன்னிரண்டு பொதுத் தொண்டு செய்து வரவும்
புவனமணி முடிகளணி புரவலன் செய்தானதே.
ஆன திருமரபிலுயர் வணிகர் வேளாளர் அவரவர்களுயர் வரிசைகேள்
ஆடலொடு பாடலும் நாகதொனிதாரை தவில் அழகெறி பந்தலெழவே
அட்டதிக்கோர் புகழ வருகூறைமுடி யேழு ஆடையேழ் கொய்து வளைதல்
ஆங்கு தேங்கு மலரணைதல் வெகுபுட்பமிடுதல்
தானமேழீதலோடு சிறைகள் பதினெட்டுடன் தனது தன்தொழில் புரிகுதல்
தம்பட்டம் வெடிகுரவை ஆலாத்தி தீ வெட்டி பாவாடை சங்குதொனி
மேற்கட்டியும் தானவரிபந்தரிலைடுதலியல் தொண்டுமுறை தப்பாமல்
செய்துவரவும் தக்கபடி மிக்கோர் பதினெழு சிறையினோடு மிவர்
சாற்று தொழில் செய்து வரவும்
PRIVILEGES OF VELLALA
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நகரிலுயர் வெள்ளாளர் தங்கள் சிறை பதினெட்டும் மூன்று முடி நன் பூக
மலரிடுதலும் நற்றுயில் முன்றெறிதல் மேற்கட்டி ஒன்றிலது முன்னவில்
வரிசையில்லை யெனவே நன்குமுறையாகவே வருவரென நாடி யறியென்று
நவில நாகநரர் தாகமெழ யேககுருவாதினோடு நடுவரெனவைத்தெழுதினர்
வானவர்களொப்பிடுதல் செய்முறைகள் குன்றாதவணிகர் வெள்ளாளர் மறையோர்
மகிழ்வுதரப் பரிதிகுல மன்னவன் நல்தீய வரிசை தீரத் திட்டமுறையோ
மானிலந்தன்னிலே வேரொடு மரபுமாற்றினும் வருநரகு எய்வரெனவே
மன்னுலகில் முற்குகரென்னுகத்துயர்வரென வைத்தெழுதி யிட்டமுறையே
கலங்க குலத்தாருக்குப் பதினமூன்றுகூரைமுடி மேற்கட்டி, நிலபாவாடை தேங்குமலர் பதினெட்டு வரிசை மேளவகை வெள்ளாளர்க்கீந்த சிறைமுற்றும் வெள்ளாளர் கொண்டு போய்விட்டு ஊழியஞ் செய்விக்கவும்.
படையாட்சி குலத்தாருக்கு ஒன்பது கூரைமுடியும், ஒன்பது சீலைகொய்து வளையவும், தேங்குமலர் மேற்கட்டி நிலபாவாடை வெள்ளாளர்க்கீந்த ஒன்பதும் ஊழியஞ் செய்யவும், இரண்டு பந்தரிடவும், பணிக்கனார் குலத்தாரும், படையாண்டகுலத்தாரும் வரிசை செய்யவும்.
உலகிப்போடி குலத்தார் செய்யும் வரிசை: பதினொரு கூரைமுடியும், ஏழு சீலைகொய்து கும்பம் வளையவும், தேங்குமலர் வெள்ளார்க்கீந்த சிறை பன்னிரண்டு ஊழியஞ்செய்யவும், மேல்கட்டி நிலபாவாடை மேளவகைகளும் (கலிங்க குலத்துக்புப் பெண்சந்ததி இரண்டும் இராசகுலம்)
வெள்ளாரும் காலிங்க குலத்தினருக்கு மாத்திரம் தங்களுக்கு ஈந்த சிறை பதினேழையுங் கொண்டு ஊழியஞ் செய்விப்பதேயன்றி மற்றவைகளுக்கு வெள்ளாளர் போவதேயில்லை. வெள்ளாளருக்கு ஏழுகூரை முடியும், ஏழு சிலைகொய்து கும்பவளையவும், சிறை பதினெட்டும் ஊழியம்புரியவும், பலவிதமான மேளவகை மேற்கட்டி நிலபாவாடை தேங்கு மலரிடவும்.
வேறு :- பதினெட்டுச் சிறைகளும், மூன்று கூரைமுடியும், மூன்று சீலைகொய்து கும்பம் வளையவும் மேற்கட்டி மாத்திரந்தான். மேற்கட்டியில்லை@ மேளவகையில்லை@ பூ கமலரிடவும் உள்ளாரில்லை. அவரவர்களே செய்து கொள்ள வேண்டும்.
பதினேழு சிறைகள் செய்யும் ஊழியம்
மாதுலர் அமுது சகைக்கவும், கோயிலார் சந்தன மரைக்கவும், பண்டாரம் சந்தனம், தாம்பூலம் பகிரவும், பண்டாரப்பிள்ளை வீடு, வீதி கூட்டிச் சாணம்போடுதல், கலமினுக்குதல், தண்ணீர்ரள்ளுதல், எச்சிக்கல்லை எடுத்தெறிதல், கொடிகட்டல், வள்ளுவருக்கு இராசமேளம், இராசப்பறை எடுத்துக் கையிற் கொடுத்தல், வீதி அதிகாரஞ்செய்தல், குசவர் குடம் முதலிய மண்பாண்டம் கொண்டுவருதல், கொல்லர் கோடரி, கத்தி முதலிய இரும்பாயுதங்கள் கொண்டுவருதல். முதலரிகள் நூல்சீலை, தீபச்சீலை கொண்டுவருதல், வாணிபன் எண்ணெய் கொண்டுவருதல், கொண்டுவந்து தலைக்கிடுதல், தீபத்துக்குமிடுதல், நம்பிகள் தீவெட்டி எடுத்தல், வண்ணார் துயில் தூசி நீக்கிக் கொண்டுவருதல், அம்பட்டர் மயிர் சவரம்பண்ணுதல், சாணார் தேங்குப்பாளை குருத்துவெட்டல், பள்ளர் நன்மைக்குப் பாணி கொண்டு வருதல். தீமைக்குப் பிரேதமெடுத்தற்கு விறகுவெட்டிச் சுடலையையும் செப்பனிட்டு வைத்தல், பறையர் பறைமேள மீட்டல், தீமைக்குப் பாடைகட்டல்......, பிரேதம் எரித்தல், கோவியர் பிரேதம் காவுதல், தவசிகள் பூமாலை கட்டல். பந்தல் முதலான விதானங்கள் சோடித்தல், கடையன் சுண்ணாம்புநீறு கொண்டுவருதல், மாதுலர், கோயிலார். பண்டாரம், பண்டாரப்பிள்ளைகள், தவசி, கோவியர் பந்தரிடலாம்@ சோடிதஞ் செய்யலாம். காலங்ககுல படையாட்சிகுலம், பணிக்கனார் குலம், உலகிப்போடி குலம் இவர்களுக்கே இந்தச் சிறைகள் ஊழியஞ் செய்வதேயொழிய மற்றவர்களுக்குச் செய்யக்கூடாதென்று பூபாலவன்னிமை மலையமான் தீர்த்தபடி பதினேழு சிறைகளுக்கும் கட்டளை பண்ணியது
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